The primary objective of this study is to analyse the growth pattern and volatility of okra cultivation in Haryana, Punjab, and India. To achieve this, two methods, namely the coefficient of variation and the Cuddy-Della Valle index, were employed to identify the instability in the areas, production, and productivity of okra. The findings indicate that the CDVI index serves as a more precise indicator of instability in all three aspects of okra cultivation. When considering the area, Punjab exhibits the highest evel of instability at 35.88%, followed by Haryana at 14.31% and India at 6.43%. In terms of production, Haryana demonstrates the highest CDVI at 17.47%, with India at 9.31% and Punjab at 7.78%. Regarding productivity, Haryana also showcases the highest CDVI of 18.31%, while Punjab records 11.75% and India 3.60%. Despite the presence of instability, the economic growth, production, and productivity of okra in all three regions display positive trends. Furthermore, Punjab outperforms Haryana and India in terms of compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the area, production, and productivity of okra.

Highlights

• Punjab exhibits higher instability in terms of area, while Haryana demonstrates higher instability in production and productivity.
• Punjab shows a greater compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the area, production, and productivity of okra compared to Haryana and India
• Haryana has the highest CV values for both the area (28.07) and production (36.94), indicating relatively higher variability in these aspects compared to Punjab and India.